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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear, they begin to treat themselves, consulting pharmacists at the pharmacy and buying expensive drugs. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment can be without discovering the causes, type and form of the disease. In order to prevent complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo appropriate diagnostics.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder lining. This disease is mostly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongs toXIV class, its code#30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis code No. 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (interstitial) code No. 30. 1.
  3. Chronic (other) cystitis code No. 30. 2.
  4. Trigonite code No. 30. 3.
  5. Type of radiation of inflammatory process code No. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis No. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis No. 30. 6.

Each form of the inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease must be diagnosed in a medical facility and medications recommended by a doctor must be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% women under 45. The main reason for the occurrence of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of a woman. Other causes include:

  • Improper genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • stress.
  • An unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of inflammation of the bladder is infection with intestinal infections.

What bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis occurs due to infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. candida fungus.
  2. E. coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasmas.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacter.
  10. Treponema pallidum.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococci.
  14. Meningococci.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Viruses.
  19. listeria.
  20. klebsiella

The most common opportunistic bacterium that causes the acute stage of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli most often provokes the development of cystitis in women

The first signs of the disease in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of illness appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Subfebrile temperature.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Genital itching.
  • Pulling pain in lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of discharge from the genitals.

The urine becomes cloudy with a sediment in the form of scales, mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in a woman is unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is excreted often and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. Frequent urge to urinate at night.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. A feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, pungent smell.
  7. Unpleasant pain appears in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo diagnostics to avoid complications or development of urolithiasis.

A woman worries about the symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with the disease is a symptomneglecting the disease. The main reason is self-medication or reluctance to visit a medical facility.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to developmentinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings on the walls of the bladder are irritated, resulting in a frequent urge to urinate. If the treatment is incorrect or the treatment is neglected, the urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Do your kidneys hurt with cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine exits through the ureters, accumulates in the bladder, and then exits. If the inflammatory process in the bladder progresses, the infection rises through the ureters to the kidneys, which is why kidney pain occurs in cystitis.

If the pain in the kidneys begins to intensify after cystitis, it means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if kidney pain occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor for tests and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis depending on the nature of the disease, the causes of its occurrence, the morphology, the stage of development and the spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can appear in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the bladder mucosa due to various infections.
  2. Chronic- it differs from acute cystitis by the washed-out symptoms with their periodic appearance.
  3. Interstitial- is characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor on the walls of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Honeymoon cystitis- this is a special form, it is characteristic of girls who are starting to have sex. During the defloration process, foreign bacteria penetrate into the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to the penetration of bacteria and harmful microorganisms into the bladder.
  • Traumatica type of disease that occurs due to injuries and bruises of the urethra.
  • chemicallyCystitis occurs with improper treatment or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Hemorrhagicthe species occurs as a result of viral diseases.
  • Hypercalcicthe type occurs in women who suffer from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasiticthe type occurs due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexualCystitis occurs in women who often change sexual partners.
  • Raycystitis occurs during body irradiation procedures.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is an inflammation of the bladder neck.
  • Fungalthe type develops if the Candida fungus is present in the body.
  • A hormoneCystitis in women occurs with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and facilitates the penetration of infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute type of inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Causes of recurrent type:

  1. Chronic non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical abnormalities, such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Persistent hypothermia.

In the recurrent type of the disease, the treatment is the same as in acute cystitis.

Diagnosis

The doctor conducts an initial examination of the patient, collects an anamnesis and prescribes tests:

  • General blood analysis.
  • General analysis of urine.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Smear of vaginal microflora.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
An ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to treat cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a course of treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the likelihood of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with drugs in several stages. Self-medication can lead to the development of complications, and treatment will take a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis occurs, you should first visit a doctor and undergo tests to find out the cause of its occurrence.

For the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics, herbal medicines, warm baths and folk remedies are prescribed. The methods of treatment and the dosage of the drugs are determined by the doctor.

During the medical treatment, a complex treatment with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines is carried out, and in case of severe pain, painkillers are prescribed.

During antibiotic treatment, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, herbal medicines

Antispasmodics are prescribed for severe spasms.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by a doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the excretory system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in fighting the inflammatory process. They include:

  • Blackberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Products based on cranberry fruit and medicinal herbs.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Herbal decoctions, infusions and oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Herbal collection for the urinary system.
  3. Calendula.
  4. series.
  5. St. John's Wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

Complex therapy is carried out for quick and effective treatment.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in case of an acute type of illness; for his treatment,antispasmodic and antimicrobial drugs. In most cases, the acute form turns into a chronic one, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute type of the disease, the body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that you need to issue a sick leave.

In the case of a chronic illness, no sick leave is granted, since the illness has no pronounced symptoms. It should be remembered that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and undergo diagnostic procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease in acute and chronic form can be treated quickly and effectively, but if the treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, the inflammation takes other forms, complications arise that develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis passes into interstitial, hemorrhagic, gangrenous form.
  • pyelonephritis.
  • Empyema of the bladder.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The danger of complications is that new diseases arise in the body.

Prevention

In order to prevent the disease, it is important to follow the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Follow the drinking regime.
  2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep regimen.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat healthy, balanced foods.
  6. To give up bad habits.
  7. Drink potions of diuretic herbs.
  8. Exercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit a doctor, diagnose diseases in time and take preventive measures.